Association with a sea anemone alters the skin microbiome of clownfish | Semantic Scholar (2024)

The results challenge, for the first time, the traditional unidirectional chemical camouflage hypothesis, as it is argued that convergence of the epithelial microbiota of both partners may play essential roles in establishing mutual acceptance.

The results challenge the traditional unidirectional chemical camouflage hypothesis, as it is argued that convergence of the epithelial microbiota of both partners may play essential roles in establishing mutual acceptance.

This study used a 16S rRNA gene sequencing strategy to study the dynamics of the microbiota during the association between the clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris and its host Heteractis magnifica under laboratory conditions and revealed that both clownfish and sea anemone mucus had specific signatures compared to artificial sea water.

This study sequences the microbiomes of five species of clownfish-hosting sea anemones that co-occur on coral reefs in the Maldives and reveals an even deeper metabolic coupling between clownfishes and their host anem ones, and what could be a previously unknown mutualistic benefit to anemone taxa that are symbiotic with clownfishing.

The data indicate that host identity and clownfish association shapes the majority of the taxonomic diversity of the clownfish-hosting sea anemone microbiome, and predicted functional microbial diversity analyses demonstrate a convergence among host anem one microbiomes, which reflect increased functional diversity over individuals that do not host clownfishes.

Overall, the results showed that fish-to-fish direct contact and specifically, access to a diverse clientele, influences the bacterial diversity and structure of cleaner gobies’ skin.

Overall, the results showed that fish-to-fish direct contact, and specifically, access to a diverse clientele, influences the bacterial diversity and structure of cleaner gobies’ skin.

Studies that have leveraged high-throughput sequencing to better understand the skin microorganisms that associate with members of classes within the subphylum Vertebrata are summarized and links between the skin microbiome and vertebrate characteristics are explored.

The present paper discusses the various opportunities that non-lethal microbiome sampling offers, as well as some inherent challenges, with the ultimate goal of creating a sound argument for future researchers to transition to non-lethal sampling of wild fish in microbiome research.

The most significant area for future study, requiring metagenomic and metabolomics data, is the biochemical pathways and functions within the microbiome community, the interactions between members, and the resulting effects on fish host health being linked to specific nutrients and microbial species.

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It is demonstrated that distinct body sites are jointly influenced by host-specific organizing factors operating at the level of the host individual, and taxonomic signatures unique to the gill and the intestine are identified, confirming fish-associated niches as distinct reservoirs of marine microbial diversity.

Skin microbiomes varied between fish individual and species, and interspecific differences were slightly coupled to the phylogenetic affiliation of the host and its ecological traits, highlighting that coral reef biodiversity is greater than previously appreciated.

These experiments provide the first direct empirical evidence of nitrogen and carbon transfer from resident anemonefishes to host anemones and endosymbiotic zooxanthellae and underscores the central role that nutrient dynamics contributes to the evolutionary processes of these marine symbioses.

Variation in bacterial species on the human skin may explain the variation in mosquito attraction between humans, and detailed knowledge of the ecology and genetics of human skin microbiota is needed in order to unravel the evolutionary mechanisms that underlie the interactions between mosquitoes and their hosts.

The clownfish Amphiprion clarkii is able to live unharmed amongst the tentacles of the sea anemone Stichodactyla haddoni, suggesting that a general inhibitory effect mediated by the anem one’s nervous system is not involved.

Next-generation sequencing is used to survey deeply the bacterial communities in the scent glands of wild spotted and striped hyenas, showing that these communities are dominated by fermentative bacteria and that the structures of these communities covary with the volatile fatty acid profiles of scent secretions in both hyena species.

The results suggest that the coral microbiome is susceptible to colonization by microbes from turf, but not vice versa, and suggest that algal contact elicits a subtle shift in the Coral microbiome just beyond the contact site.

The presence of 15N and 13C in the anem onefish tissues is interpreted as direct empirical evidence for the transmission of nitrogen and/or carbon from host anemone and endosymbiotic zooxanthellae to resident anemOnefish.

It is concluded that host sea anemones sense the presence of symbiotic anemonefish via chemical and/or mechanical cues, and react by altering their expansion behavior, resulting in their shrinkage and eventual death.

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